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In Vitro fertilization is the proper medical name for what the press dubbed ?test tube babies? many years ago. Essentially, a woman?s eggs are removed from her ovaries and sperm from her partner or donor is used to fertilize them before being inserted into her womb. In Vitro Fertilization is recommended if you are an older woman, have been diagnosed with unexplained infertility, those whose tubes are blocked, or if other techniques have been unsuccessful.

Whilst every clinic works slightly differently, the main procedure is a fairly routine one. At the start of your treatment your doctor gives you drugs to block the hormones your pituitary gland usually produces during your monthly cycle. The reason for this is so the physician has improved control over when your eggs are produced. To ensure you ovaries produce more than a single egg, further drugs are given.

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Estrogen levels produced by the eggs are monitored to ensure they rise, using vaginal ultrasound scans and blood tests. To help the eggs mature a different hormone will be injected once all the tests say the time is right. The timing for this injection is crucial and must be carried out no earlier that 34 or later than 38 hours before your eggs are collected. Collecting the eggs takes about 30 minutes and is carried out using ultrasound guidance so often either drugs or a general anesthetic is given to make you feel more relaxed.

It is not until this time that the man gets involved and needs to produce a sample of fresh sperm. To make sure that the best sperm are used for the process, the sample is washed and then spun at high speed, this will give the healthiest and the most active sperm. Sperm which has been donated is kept in a freezer but the same method for preparation is used. After the eggs and sperm have been collected they are left to mix in a laboratory dish for between 16 and 20 hours and then inspected to see whether fertilization has taken place. During the next stage, only successfully fertilized embryos are kept and left for a further 24 to 48 hours before a final check is done.

The womb needs to be ready to accept the fertilized egg so a gel, injection or pessaries are given to ensure the lining of the womb is prepared.

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